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Urban Fitness is a total body version of walking that can be enjoyed both by non-athletes as a health-promoting physical activity, and by athletes as a sport. The activity is performed with specially designed walking poles similar to ski poles.Nordic walking (original Finnish "Sauvakävely")[1] is fitness walking with specially designed poles. While trekkers, backpackers and skiers had been using the basic concept for decades, Nordic Walking was first formally defined with the publication of "Hiihdon lajiosa" (translation: "A part of cross-country skiing training methodic") by Mauri Repo in 1979.[2] (Works related to Hiihdon lajiosa at Wikisource.) Nordic Walking's concept was developed on the basis of off-season ski-training activity while using one-piece ski poles.For decades hikers and backpackers used their one-piece ski poles long before trekking and Nordic walking poles came onto the scene. Ski racers deprived of snow have always used and still do use their one-piece ski poles for ski walking and hill bounding. The first poles specially designed and marketed to fitness walkers were produced by Exerstrider of the USA in 1988. Nordic Walker poles were produced and marketed by Exel in 1997.Exel coined and popularized the term 'Nordic Walking' in 1999.[citation needed]BenefitCompared to regular walking, Nordic walking (also called pole walking) involves applying force to the poles with each stride. Nordic walkers use more of their entire body (with greater intensity) and receive fitness building stimulation not present in normal walking for the chest, lats, triceps, biceps, shoulder, abdominals, spinal and other core muscles that may result in significant increases in heart rate at a given pace.Nordic walking has been estimated as producing up to a 46% increase in energy consumption, compared to walking without poles.EquipmentNordic walking poles are significantly shorter than those recommended for cross-country skiing. Nordic walking poles come in one-piece, non-adjustable shaft versions, available in varying lengths, and telescoping two or three piece twist-locking versions of adjustable length. One piece poles are generally stronger and lighter, but must be matched to the user. Telescoping poles are 'one-size fits all', and are more transportable.
Nordic walking poles feature a range of grips and wrist-straps, or rarely, no wrist-strap at all. The straps eliminate the need to tightly grasp the grips. As with many trekking poles, Nordic walking poles come with removable rubber tips for use on hard surfaces and hardened metal tips for trails, the beach, snow and ice. Most poles are made from lightweight aluminium, carbon fiber, or composite materials. Special walking shoes are not required, although there are shoes being marketed as specifically designed for the sport.
TechniqueThe cadences of the arms, legs and body are, rhythmically speaking, similar to those used in normal, vigorous, walking. The range of arm movement regulates the length of the stride. Restricted arm movements will mean a natural restricted pelvic motion and stride length. The longer the pole thrust, the longer the stride and more powerful the swing of the pelvis and upper torso.Fitness (often denoted w in population genetics models) is a central idea in evolutionary theory. It can be defined either with respect to a genotype or to a phenotype in a given environment. In either case, it describes the ability to both survive and reproduce, and is equal to the average contribution to the gene pool of the next generation that is made by an average individual of the specified genotype or phenotype. The term "Darwinian fitness" is often used to make clear the distinction with physical fitness. If differences between alleles of a given gene affect Darwinian fitness, then the frequencies of the alleles will change across generations; the alleles with higher fitness become more common. This process is called natural selection.An individual's fitness is manifested through its phenotype. The phenotype is affected by the developmental environment as well as by genes, and the fitness of a given phenotype can be different in different environments. The fitnesses of different individuals with the same genotype are therefore not necessarily equal. However, since the fitness of the genotype is an averaged quantity, it will reflect the reproductive outcomes of all individuals with that genotype in a given environment or set of environments.
Inclusive fitness differs from individual fitness by including the ability of an allele in one individual to promote the survival and/or reproduction of other individuals that share that allele, in preference to individuals with a different allele. One mechanism of inclusive fitness is kin selection.Fitness is often defined as a propensity or probability, rather than the actual number of offspring. For example, according to Maynard Smith, "Fitness is a property, not of an individual, but of a class of individuals — for example homozygous for allele A at a particular locus. Thus the phrase ’expected number of offspring’ means the average number, not the number produced by some one individual. If the first human infant with a gene for levitation were struck by lightning in its pram, this would not prove the new genotype to have low fitness, but only that the particular child was unlucky." Equivalently, "the fitness of the individual - having an array x of phenotypes — is the probability, s(x), that the individual will be included among the group selected as parents of the next generation
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
Urban Fitness Fitness Exercise for Women for Men for Women at Home for Men at Home Abs For Kids for Women to Lose Weight Tumblr Photos
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